When someone:
- engages in faulty generalisations (confusing ‘some’ with ‘all’) or oversimplification
- misunderstands cause and effect (post hoc ergo propter hoc)
- uses tautology (saying the same thing twice)
- uses false analogy
- uses non-sequitur (‘it does not follow’)
- attacks a person or a person’s background, instead of the person’s ideas (ad…